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“刚果(金)案”涉及的一个关键问题是回归后的香港特区在绝对主权豁免原则和限制性主权豁免原则之间应该适用何者。全国人大常委会对《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》(以下简称《基本法》)第13条和第19条作出的解释提出了一个未受到广泛关注但却是“一国两制”原则下的重要问题,即香港法院可否直接适用中国有关国家行为的规则或政策来判案。本文在交代了该问题产生的背景之后,首先探讨在中国法中,政策是否可以作为法院判案的依据。文章认为,无法律时参照政策,在中国法中是有其具体的历史原因和法理依据的。文章然后探讨在《基本法》所确立的“一国两制”原则下中国国家政策在香港特区的司法适用。作者认为,《基本法》对中央政府所制定的法律在香港特区的适用做出了非常严格的限制,更没有对中央政府的政策在香港特区的适用留下任何空间。展望未来,确保中国有关国家行为的规则或政策在香港特区适用的最佳办法是,由全国人大或其常委会制定全国性的主权豁免法律,然后将这部法律纳入《基本法》附件三。
One of the key issues involved in the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is what should be applied to Hong Kong SAR after the handover between the principle of absolute sovereign immunity and the principle of restrictive sovereignty. The NPC Standing Committee’s interpretation of Articles 13 and 19 of the “Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China” (hereinafter referred to as “the Basic Law”) has given rise to an issue that has not received the widespread attention but is under the principle of “one country, two systems” Question whether the Hong Kong courts can directly apply the rules or policies of the relevant state in China to decide on the case. After explaining the background of the problem, this article first explores whether the policy can be used as the basis of the court case in Chinese law. The article argues that in the absence of legal reference to the law, there are specific historical reasons and jurisprudence in the Chinese law. The article then explores the judicial application of China’s national policy in the HKSAR under the principle of “one country, two systems” established by the “Basic Law.” The author believes that the Basic Law places very strict restrictions on the application of the law enacted by the Central Government in the SAR, nor does it leave any room for the application of the Central Government’s policy in the SAR. Looking forward, the best way to ensure that China’s rules or policies on state actions apply to the HKSAR is to have a national sovereign immunity law enacted by the NPC or its standing committee and then incorporate this law into Annex III of the Basic Law.