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在中国语境中,伯林的被误读与被误解现象主要有四种。第一,消极自由被误解为不做什么的自由。而实际上,消极自由不是不做什么的自由,而是没有外在的人为障碍状态。第二,积极自由被错误地等同于古代人的自由。然而,伯林的积极自由并不一定就是古代人的自由,而古代人的自由则必定属于积极自由的范畴。第三,多元主义被误读为相对主义。但是,在伯林看来,相对主义的核心特征是主观性与不可理解性,而多元主义的核心特征却是客观性与可理解性。第四,多元主义被误认为是自由主义的理论基础。尽管伯林早年认为多元主义是自由主义的基础,然而,晚年却认为多元主义与自由主义没有逻辑关联。
In Chinese context, there are mainly four kinds of Berlin’s misunderstood and misunderstood phenomena. First, passive negativity is misunderstood as freedom not to do anything. In fact, passive freedom is not a freedom not to do anything, but there is no external man-made obstacles. Second, positive freedom is mistakenly equated with the freedom of the ancient people. However, Berlin’s positive freedom is not necessarily the freedom of the ancient people, but the freedom of the ancient people must belong to the category of positive freedom. Third, pluralism is misread as relativism. However, in Berlin’s view, the core characteristic of relativism is subjectivity and incomprehension, while the core characteristic of pluralism is objectivity and comprehensibility. Fourth, pluralism is mistakenly considered as the theoretical basis of liberalism. Although Berlin thought that pluralism was the basis of liberalism in his early years, his later years thought that there was no logical relation between pluralism and liberalism.