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目的通过分析上海市黄浦区死于脑卒中急性期人群的危险因素暴露及其他相关情况,推断脑卒中急性期死亡的相关影响因素,为控制及降低脑卒中急性期死亡率和制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,自2013年7月1日-2014年6月30日,在上海市黄浦区选取10个社区377名脑卒中急性期死亡者为调查对象,通过死者家人或其他相关人员完成问卷调查。从死者生前吸烟、饮酒、高血压、低血压、糖尿病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤患病等情况对该区脑卒中急性期死亡的影响因素进行分析。结果该区居民脑卒中急性期被调查对象的平均死亡年龄为(78.09±12.42)岁,其中脑梗死占44.03%,脑出血占40.85%,两类脑卒中的死亡率均随年龄的增大而上升。被调查对象中高血压、糖尿病及缺血性心脏病患病率较高,死亡年龄在80岁及以上区间达到峰值,且均以患病10~20年的人数所占比例最高。结论脑卒中发生的危险因素主要有年龄、高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒等。其中,年龄是脑卒中导致死亡的主要影响因素,高血压既是脑卒中死亡的主要影响因素,也与脑卒中复发密切相关,降压治疗能显著减少脑卒中复发。
Objective To analyze the risk factors of death from acute stroke in Huangpu District of Shanghai and other related conditions, and to deduce the related factors of acute stroke death in order to control and reduce acute stroke mortality and to make relevant interventions in accordance with. Methods From July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014, 377 acute deaths from stroke in 10 communities were selected as survey subjects in the survey from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014. The subjects were investigated by the deceased’s family members or other relevant personnel Questionnaire. The influencing factors of acute stroke death in the area were analyzed from the dead smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, hypotension, diabetes, heart disease and malignant tumor. Results The average age of death in the acute stroke of residents in this district was (78.09 ± 12.42) years old, of which cerebral infarction accounted for 44.03% and cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 40.85%. Both types of stroke mortality increased with age rise. The prevalence rate of hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease in the surveyed persons was high, with the death age reaching the peak in the range of 80 years and over, and the highest proportion was the number of people suffering from 10 to 20 years of illness. Conclusion The main risk factors for stroke are age, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, smoking, drinking and so on. Among them, age is the main factor of death caused by stroke. Hypertension is not only the main factor of stroke death, but also closely related to the recurrence of stroke. Antihypertensive treatment can significantly reduce the recurrence of stroke.