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高考试题在单题命制技术上要求立意鲜明、情境新颖、设问角度巧妙灵活.依据教材提供的已有情境知识内容进行改造组合,转化为新情境的测量内容,以区分和鉴别不同考生的能力水平.1997年的高考命题进行了有益的探索(如高考试题第14、17、21、25、26等).本文仅就第26题(题目内容参见本刊有关文章)的命题思路作一寻根探源的剖析.该题的测试目标是带电粒子在变化电场中的运动,注重考查考生的分析综合能力及作图能力.据安徽省的阅卷抽样分析,本题的得分率仅为8%,大多数考生反映读不懂题意,不理解试题提供的新情境.其实本题的新情境是由两个旧情境组合而成的.一是在变化电压下,电子恰好通过电场时,被视为恒定不变的某个电压u_c大小的确定;二是圆筒旋转记录电子的图线形状确定.因此这两个难点的突破是解决这一试题的关键,而这两个旧情境却是中学物理教学中常见的两个典型模型,下面我们作一分析、讨论.
The high test questions require a clear concept, a novel situation, and a clever and flexible perspective in the single-title system. They are based on the contextual knowledge provided by the teaching materials and are transformed and combined into measurement contents of new situations to distinguish and identify different candidates. Ability level. The 1997 college entrance examination proposition was usefully explored (such as high exam questions 14, 17, 21, 25, 26, etc.). This article is only for the proposition of the 26th topic (the subject content of the article in the article) An analysis of the source of root-finding. The test objective of this question is the movement of charged particles in a changing electric field, focusing on the analysis of the candidate’s comprehensive analysis capabilities and mapping capabilities. According to the sampling analysis of the Anhui Province, the scoring rate of this question is only 8%. Most of the candidates reflected that they did not understand the meaning of the questions and did not understand the new situations provided by the questions. In fact, the new situation of the topic was formed by the combination of two old situations. First, when the electrons passed the electric field under the changing voltage, they were regarded as constant. The determination of a constant voltage u_c size is fixed; the second is the determination of the shape of the graph of the cylinder rotation recording electrons. Therefore, the breakthrough of these two difficulties is the key to solving this problem, and the two old situations are secondary schools. Two typical models in physics teaching are discussed below.