所谓私家园林,其实就是宅园。在中国古代的居住文化中,一方面讲究人际关系,注重伦理道德,所以宅舍多以对称中轴线分进布局;但同时也考虑人与自然的关系、人的文化艺术需求,所以多在宅舍一旁造园,园中建筑、林木、池山,往往不对称自由布局。这就叫东宅西园,或前宅后园,如苏州的网师园、拙政园、留园等都是如此。中国古代的宅园,始见于南北朝,后来在唐宋期间有所发展,明清两代则达到登峰造极之地步。若论 The so-called private gardens are actually gardens. In ancient Chinese dwelling culture, attention was paid to interpersonal relationships on the one hand, and ethics and morality were emphasized. Therefore, dwellings were mostly distributed along the axis of symmetry; but at the same time the relationship between man and nature and the needs of people’s culture and art were also considered. On the side of a garden, the buildings in the garden, forest trees, and Chishan are often arranged asymmetrically and freely. This is called Dongzhai Xiyuan, or Qianzhai Houyuan, such as Suzhou’s Master of the Nets, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. Ancient Chinese gardens began to be seen in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and later developed during the Tang and Song dynasties. The Ming and Qing dynasties reached the peak. If