受艾滋病影响儿童生长发育和社会心理健康状况调查

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目的了解受艾滋病影响儿童生长发育及社会心理健康状况,为开展受艾滋病影响儿童健康促进干预工作提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取艾滋病高发乡镇全部受艾滋病影响儿童为暴露组,同班其他同学为对照组。调查主要内容包括身高、体重、家庭一般情况、社会心理状况等,采用SPSS11.0进行χ2检验。结果调查受艾滋病影响儿童(暴露组)70人,其中父母亲均HIV阳性者21人(30.0%),父母单HIV阳性47人(67.2%)、其他2人(2.9%)。对照组120人,家中均无HIV阳性人员。暴露组年龄别身高、年龄别体重和身高别体重等生长发育评价指标低于均数减一个标准差的比例与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义。暴露组父母文化程度、健康状况远低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。暴露组有30.8%和65.6%的儿童要做农活和家务活,20.5%有缺课现象,30.0%平时表现好,40.9%对目前生活状况满意,53.7%的儿童认为自己性格外向,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论对于受艾滋病影响儿童的支持和干预,不仅要解决受艾滋病影响儿童的教育、医疗、生活等问题,而且要提供经济上、心理上的支持和帮助,更需要解决受艾滋病影响儿童的现实生活问题,如承担了与年龄和生长发育不相符的家务劳动和田间劳动等,应从社区、学校、家庭和个体支持多方面入手,实施干预措施应着眼于家庭,以现实条件为基础,为儿童提供支持性的环境。 Objective To understand the growth and social psychology of children affected by AIDS and provide a reference for carrying out health promotion interventions for children affected by AIDS. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select all children affected by HIV / AIDS in HIV / AIDS-prone townships as exposure group and other students in the same class as control group. The main contents of the survey include height, weight, family status, social and psychological conditions, using χ2 test using SPSS11.0. Results A total of 70 children (exposure group) affected by AIDS were surveyed. Among them 21 were HIV positive (30.0%), 47 (67.2%) were HIV positive and 2 were other (2.9%). Control group of 120 people, no HIV-positive home staff. There was no significant difference in the proportion of the indexes of growth and development, such as age-specific height, age-specific body weight, and body weight of the exposed group, which were below the mean minus one standard deviation in the exposed group. Exposed group parental education, health status is much lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant. 30.8% and 65.6% of the children in the exposed group had to do farm work and housework, 20.5% were absent, 30.0% usually performed well, 40.9% were satisfied with their current living conditions, 53.7% thought they were outgoing, and those in the control group The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The support and intervention for children affected by AIDS should not only solve the problems of education, medical care and living of AIDS-affected children, but also provide financial and psychological support and help. It also needs to address the real-life situation of children affected by AIDS. Issues such as home-based labor and field work that do not fit with age and growth should start with the community, schools, families and individual support in many aspects. The implementation of interventions should be family-oriented, based on realistic conditions and for children Supportive environment.
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