当一战的硝烟即将散尽之时，在作为失败者的德国，绝望的民族主义情绪和在疲惫中逐渐成长起来的和平主义理想之间发生了日益尖锐的冲突。政治的危机与社会的动荡，更加剧了这种紧张与不安的气氛。著名德国学者洛维特在他的回忆录中写到，在这样一个外部世界和内心生活中的... As World War I was about to be cleared of smoke, there was a growing and sharp conflict between the desperate nationalist mood of Germany as a loser and the pacifist ideal that grew up in exhaustion. The crisis of politics and social turmoil have exacerbated this tension and unease. The famous German scholar Lovett wrote in his memoir that in such an external world and inner life ...