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本文通过对汉语38个方言点中49组介词融合(syncretism)现象的考察,发现汉语来源格、处所格和目标格之间的融合现象可以通过两种融合模式加以说明。其一是双向融合模式,即处所格和来源格可以双向融合,处所格和目标格也可以双向融合,因此出现三个格用一个词表示的语言现象,在这种模式中来源格与目标格融合需要另外解释。其二是单向循环融合模式,即处所格发展出目标格,目标格发展出来源格,来源格再发展出处所格,形成一个循环。汉语方言中来源格、处所格和目标格存在错综复杂的关系可能是多种因素综合作用使然。
By examining the 49 syncretism phenomena in 38 Chinese dialects, we find that the fusion between Chinese source grids, local grids and target lattices can be illustrated by two fusion modes. The first one is a two-way fusion mode, in which the spatial grid and the source grid can be merged bidirectionally, the spatial grid and the target grid can also be merged bidirectionally, so that three linguistic phenomena represented by one word appear. In this mode, Fusion needs additional explanation. The other is a one-way circular integration model, that is, the grid to develop the target grid, the target grid to develop the source grid, the source grid and then develop a grid of places to form a cycle. The intricate relationship between source grids, spatial grids and target grids in Chinese dialects may be caused by the combined effect of many factors.