汉、英、意语否定疑问应答句中极性助词使用存在差异。传统语义研究认为,汉语该句类中极性助词使用由同问句中设定命题的异同决定,形式语义描写为[same][reverse];意大利语则依据事实情况决定,描写为[+][-];英语皆可。本研究结合形式句法对相关差异进行了分析。相关极性助词均为C成分,汉语为语力C成分,具有句外语义指向和语用性;意大利语为限定C成分,具有句内语义指向和句内语义约束性。英语则既可为语力C,也可为限定C。这一研究结论具有跨语言的普遍性,不仅可以丰富标句词研究,也可以深化基于形式句法的句法语用研究。 Differences in the Use of Polar Particles in Chinese, English and Italian Negative Queries. The traditional semantic study suggests that the use of the polar particle in the Chinese sentence is determined by the similarities and differences between the propositions set forth in the same question and sentence, the formal semantic description is [same] [reverse], the Italian is based on the factual situation and is described as [+] [-]; English can be. The study combined with formal syntax analysis of the relevant differences. The relevant polar auxiliary words are all C components. Chinese is a component of speech C, which has semantic point and pragmatic meaning outside the sentence. Italian is a limited C component, which has the semantic point of the sentence and the semantic binding of the sentence. English is either C or C. This research conclusion has the cross-language universality, not only can enrich the research of the target sentence, but also can deepen the syntactic-pragmatic study based on the formal syntax.