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人参果皂甙不仅具有抗衰老、抗心律不齐作用,最近发现对再生障碍性贫血有较好作用。为更好开发利用人参地上部分资源,我们在国内外研究的基础上又深入地进行了研究。日本学者Yahara等从人参果中分离鉴定了五种成分是Rb_2、Rc、Rd、Re和Rg_1,收得率分别为0.2、0.1、0.1、0.6、0.04%。我们采用吉林省桦甸县五年生人参果肉(鲜)20公斤经用D-吸附树脂吸附皂甙,除去水溶性糖类杂质及脂溶性杂质,经脱色得总皂甙,将总皂甙用低压硅胶柱层析及分子筛She-phadexLH-20层析方法,分离得到九种单体,经用IR、~(13)C-NMR、FD-MS及标准品对照等方法鉴定了八种结构,分别为人参皂甙(ginsenosides)-Rb_1(收得率为0.02%)、-Rb_2(0.09%)、-Rc(0.08%)、-Rd(0.06%、Re(6.0%)、Rg_1(0.02%)、-Rg_2(20S)(0.01%)、-Rg_2(20R)(0.01%)、-Rh_1(0.02%)及一种未知皂甙(结构式正在研究中)。其中人参皂甙-Rb_1,-Rg_2,-Rh_1系首次自人参果肉中分离得到的已知微量皂甙类成分。本文对三种不同产地的人参果肉用高效薄层层析法定性检出结果如下表。
Ginseng fruit saponin not only has anti-aging and anti-arrhythmic effects, but has recently been found to have a good effect on aplastic anemia. In order to better develop and utilize part of the resources of the ginseng ground, we have conducted in-depth research on the basis of research at home and abroad. Japanese scholar Yahara et al. isolated and identified five components Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg_1 from ginseng fruit, and the yields were 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.6, and 0.04%, respectively. We used 20-kilograms of fresh ginseng fruit (fresh) of Huadian County, Jilin Province, and absorbed 20-kilograms of saponin with D-adsorption resin to remove water-soluble sugar impurities and fat-soluble impurities. After decolorization, total saponins were obtained, and total soap saponins were applied to low-pressure silica gel column layers. The chromatographic method was applied to the chromatography of the molecular sieve She-phadex LH-20. Nine monomers were isolated. Eight structures were identified by IR, 13C-NMR, FD-MS and standard products. (ginsenosides)-Rb_1 (yield rate 0.02%), -Rb_2 (0.09%), -Rc (0.08%), -Rd (0.06%, Re (6.0%), Rg_1 (0.02%), -Rg_2 (20S ) (0.01%), -Rg_2 (20R) (0.01%), -Rh_1 (0.02%) and an unknown saponin (structure formula being studied). Among them, ginsenoside-Rb_1, -Rg_2,-Rh_1 is the first self-ginseng ginseng pulp. The trace amounts of the known saponins from the ginseng were isolated from the three different origins.