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在高水头水利水电工程中常常设置坝内底孔或泄洪洞,其型式多种多样。不少坝内深孔或岸边泄洪洞进口为压力短管,短管后为明流洞或明流泄槽。它一般由二次抛物线、斜直线和反弧构成,见图1。还有不少压力隧洞的出口采用平台扩散水跃消能。在出口和消力池之间也用二次抛物线衔接,见图2。坝内深孔或泄洪洞是以势能为主的有压流,孔口之后的衔接段则是以动能为主的明流。在以往的水力设计中压力短管(或隧洞)的出口底板为水平底板,
In the high head water conservancy and hydropower projects often set the end of the hole or spillway tunnel, the type of variety. Many dam in deep hole or bank discharge port for the pressure pipe imports short pipe after the Ming dynasty or Ming stream drain. It is generally composed of quadratic parabola, oblique straight line and anti-arc, see Figure 1. There are many pressure tunnel exit using the platform to dissipate water jets energy dissipation. In the export and the pool between the two parabolic convergence, see Figure 2. Deep hole or spillway dam is a potential-based pressure flow, convergence section after the orifice is based on kinetic energy Mingliu. In the past hydraulic design of the pressure spool (or tunnel) exit floor for the floor,