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目的了解鄂州市2010-2014年法定传染病的发病趋势和流行特征,为进一步采取干预措施提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对2010-2014年全市法定传染病的疫情数据进行统计分析。结果2010-2014年共报告法定传染病26种,发病25 457例,死亡31例,年均发病率为489.77/10万,年均死亡率为0.60/10万,病死率为0.12%。4-7月和9月发病数较多,冬季和春夏末是发病的高峰,男性病例多于女性,男女比例为1.77︰1,各年龄段不同性别的发病差异有统计学意义(χ~2=225.527,P<0.001),发病以儿童和学生为主。发病居前五位的病中依次为手足口病、肺结核、乙肝、流行性腮腺炎和急性出血性结膜炎。结论加强流动人口结核病人管理和治疗,提高发现率和治愈率;提高成人乙肝疫苗接种率和加强输血、血制品的管理以及控制院内感染,重点保护学生和儿童群体;减少丙类传染病的传播,进一步提高疫情监测的报告率和灵敏度。
Objective To understand the incidence trends and epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Ezhou City from 2010 to 2014 and provide scientific evidence for further intervention. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases in the city from 2010 to 2014. Results A total of 26 notifiable infectious diseases were reported in 2010-2014, with 25 457 cases and 31 deaths. The average annual incidence was 489.77 / 100 000 with an annual average mortality of 0.60 / 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 0.12%. The incidence was higher in April-July and September, and peaked in winter and spring and summer. There were more males and females than females, the ratio of male to female was 1.77︰1. The incidence of different sexes in all age groups was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 225.527, P <0.001), the incidence of mainly children and students. Among the top five diseases, they were hand-foot-mouth disease, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, mumps and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Conclusion To strengthen the management and treatment of TB patients in floating population, increase the detection rate and cure rate, increase the rate of hepatitis B vaccination in adults, strengthen the management of blood transfusion and blood products, and control nosocomial infections, and focus on protecting students and children; reduce the spread of class C infectious diseases , To further improve the reporting rate and sensitivity of epidemic monitoring.