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为了减少温室气体排放,美国制定了立法案试图对外国产品征收碳关税。按照WTO规则分析立法案,碳关税制度在整体上符合国民待遇原则和GATT第20条一般例外条款,但很可能违反最惠国待遇原则。从政治角度而言,实施碳关税面临若干现实障碍。从长远来看,建立全球性的温室气体排放交易体制是解决气候变化问题的合适方法,但任重而道远。
To reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, the United States has enacted legislation to try to impose carbon tariffs on foreign products. In accordance with the WTO rules analyzing the legislation, the carbon tariff system as a whole conforms to the principle of national treatment and the general exception of article 20 of the GATT, but it is likely to violate the principle of most-favored-nation treatment. From a political point of view, the implementation of carbon tariffs face a number of practical obstacles. In the long run, setting up a global greenhouse gas trading system is a suitable solution to the issue of climate change, but it has a long way to go.