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在中国,公众问责是一种松散自发的,但是又持续存在和产生广泛社会影响的公众参与活动形式。在一个对于自发的公众参与活动十分敏感的政治环境中,中国的公众问责存在和发展必然有政治、行政环境因素的影响。本文在政策文件分析的基础上,重点关注中央政府在发展行政问责中所显现的行为过程与特点,通过个案剖析与整体归纳相结合的方法,认为相关因素表现为:公众问责的发展,总体上契合中央所倡导的“以人为本”和保障公众“知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权”的施政理念,获得了生存与发展的合法性解释依据。公众问责的主体虽然独立于体制之外,但公众问责的实现机制仍然在政府部门可掌控的范围之内,因而能够得到政府部门的认可。相关的学术研究为公众问责存在的合理性提供了理论解释依据。公众问责能够及时化解基层部门存在的管理问题,释放公众对立情绪,获得了有效性证明。
In China, public accountability is a loosely spontaneous form of public participation that persists and produces broad social effects. In a political environment that is very sensitive to spontaneous public participation, the existence and development of public accountability in China necessarily have the influence of political and administrative environmental factors. Based on the analysis of policy documents, this paper focuses on the process and characteristics of the behavior of the Central Government in the development of administrative accountability. Through the combination of case analysis and overall induction, the author thinks that the relevant factors are as follows: the development of public accountability, In line with the concept of “people-oriented” advocated by the Central Government and ensuring the public’s “right to information, participation, expression and supervisory power” advocated by the Central Government, we have obtained the basis for the interpretation of the legitimacy of existence and development. Although the main body of public accountability is independent of the system, the mechanism for realizing public accountability is still within the control of the government departments and thus can be approved by government departments. Relevant academic research provides a theoretical basis for the rationality of public accountability. Public accountability can promptly resolve the management problems at the grassroots level, release public sentiment and obtain validity verification.