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知觉知识何以可能的问题是知识论的核心问题。普赖尔的新独断论代表了这个问题的最新进展。不过,它并未解决经验的可错性与经验辩护的充分性之间的矛盾,因而暴露出可击败性悖论。麦克道尔的析取论蕴涵了这样的观点:知觉经验可通过向知觉信念移交罗素式内容的方式为知觉信念提供充分辩护。这是一种新独断论,可称其为麦克道尔的新独断论。麦克道尔的新独断论认为,知觉经验要么为知觉信念提供排除了错误的辩护,要么根本就不能提供辩护。麦克道尔的新独断论可以避开可击败性悖论,并且,我们可以从中发展出一种新型的两组分知识论,即知觉知识是得到了辩护的知觉信念。两组分知识论将辩护与真融合到了一起,为解决盖梯尔问题带来了新希望。两组分知识论没有自举问题,是一个强健的知识论。
What is probable knowledge of knowledge is the core issue of epistemology. Prairie’s new dogmatism represents the latest development on this issue. However, it did not resolve the contradiction between the erroneous experience and the adequacy of empirical justification, thereby revealing the defeatable paradox. McDowell’s semantics implies the notion that perceptual experience can adequately defend perceptual beliefs by transposing Russellian content to perceptual beliefs. This is a new dogmatism that McDowell’s neat dogmatism. McDowell’s New Dictitude holds that perceptual experience either gives the false defenses of perceptual conviction, or simply can not justify it. McDowell’s neat doctrine avoids the defeatable paradox, and from this we can develop a new two-component epistemology, that is, perceived beliefs are defended. The two-component epistemology combines defense and truth, bringing new hope for solving the problem of Geithiel. Two-component epistemology is not a question of bootstrapping and is a strong epistemic theory.