云南省现有二十多个露天磷矿,年产矿石近三百万吨,除去用电动和汽油机驱动的在用设备外,用柴油机驱动设备约占全部在用设备的74％,年平均耗柴油3207吨,耗柴机油268吨,折合每台柴油机年平均耗油23吨,耗柴机油约2吨,这表明柴油机耗油情况是严重的。显然,抓好节油工作是有关露天矿设备节能的关键。笔者曾参与对云南露天矿柴动设备现况的调查工作,认为省内柴动设备普遍存在着三个“不当”现象,即:选型不当,使用不当,维修不当。 (一)关于柴动设备的选型不当 1.我省露天磷矿不宜使用自然进气柴油机,而应使用增压进气柴油机。 众所周知,自然进气柴油机从海拔152米起,每升高101米,铭牌所标的额定功率将下降1％;温度从15.6℃起,每升高5.6℃,功率也将下降1％。我省露天矿平均海拔高 There are more than 20 open-pit phosphate mines in Yunnan Province with an annual output of nearly 3 million tons of ore. Excluding diesel-powered equipment driven by electric and gasoline engines, diesel-powered equipment accounts for about 74% of all in-use equipment, 3207 tons of diesel oil, 268 tons of diesel oil consumption, equivalent to an average annual diesel engine fuel consumption of 23 tons, about 2 tons of diesel oil consumption, which shows that diesel fuel consumption is serious. Obviously, a good grasp of energy-saving work is the key to saving energy in surface mine equipment. The author has participated in the investigation of the current situation of Chai dynamic equipment in the open pit in Yunnan Province. He believes that there are three “improper” phenomena in Chai dynamic equipment in the province, namely improper selection, improper use and improper maintenance. (A) of Chai dynamic equipment selection inappropriate 1. Open-pit phosphate rock in our province should not be used naturally aspirated diesel engine, but should use the pressurized intake diesel engine. As we all know, naturally aspirated diesel engine from the elevation of 152 meters, 101 meters for each elevation, the nameplate rated power will be reduced by 1%; temperature from 15.6 ℃ for every increase of 5.6 ℃, the power will drop 1%. Open pit mine in our province average high altitude