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作为英国近代伟大的哲学家,洛克认为人类先后经历了自然状态和政治社会两个阶段。在自然状态中只有私力救济,由于私力救济存在缺陷,使人们不得不建立国家实行公力救济。但即使在政治社会中,私力救济也将局部存在。洛克的思想是建立在其经验主义的认识论、自私的人性论和独特的契约论基础之上的。现在洛克的思想虽已部分失去了真理性,但其关于政治社会中私力救济的论断仍是不刊之论。正视洛克的警告,加强国家政权建设,至少为贫弱者提供最低限度的救济,这正是时代赋予我们的使命。
As a great philosopher in modern England, Locke believed that mankind has gone through two stages of natural state and political society. In the natural state, there is only private remedy. As a result of the deficiencies in the private remedies, people have to establish the state to implement the remedy. But even in political societies, private remedies will be partial. Locke’s thinking is based on his empirical epistemology, selfish human nature and unique contractual foundation. Although Locke’s thinking has partially lost its truth, his thesis on the private remedy in political society is still not published. It is the mission entrusted to us by the Times to address Locke’s warning, strengthen the construction of state power and at least provide the poor and the poor with minimum relief.