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采用基于固有应变法的弹性有限元分析预测大型复杂结构的焊接变形的前提是必须已知焊缝附近的固有变形。结构的焊接残余应力与焊接变形取决于其接头的固有变形大小及分布,因此开发精确计算接头固有变形的方法,并依此建立一个完善的固有变形数据库对于大型复杂结构焊接变形的预测有重要意义。文中提出了几种计算固有变形的方法包括公式法、热弹塑性有限元法、实测法,并分别采用这几种方法对典型T型接头的横向固有收缩与纵向固有收缩进行计算,三种方法得到的结果比较一致。在此基础上,进一步以典型船体结构为研究对象,采用依照这三种方法建立的固有变形数据库对其焊接变形进行预测,并与实测数据进行比较,验证了该数据库的有效性。
The premise of using the elastic finite element analysis based on the inherent strain method to predict the welding deformation of large and complex structures is to know the inherent deformation near the weld seam. The structural residual stress and welding deformation depend on the size and distribution of the inherent deformation of the joints. Therefore, to develop a method of accurately calculating the inherent deformation of the joint and to establish a sound inherent deformation database is of great significance for the prediction of welding deformation of large and complex structures . In this paper, several methods to calculate the inherent deformation, including the formula method, thermo-elasto-plastic finite element method and the measured method, are proposed. The methods of calculating the inherent and longitudinal natural shrinkage of typical T- The results obtained are more consistent. Based on this, the typical hull structure is taken as the research object, and the deformation of the welding deformation is predicted by using the inherent deformation database established by these three methods. Compared with the measured data, the validity of the database is verified.