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一、哲学的基本问题与哲学的课题如果人们把尚未解决、尚待研究的问题称作问题的话,那么,严格地说,意识与存在、精神的东西与物质的东西的关系问题,即精神的东西是物质的属性,是物质发展的产物,还是相反,物质的东西是由精神的东西派生出来的问题,当然早就不是什么问题了。古代的唯物主义者们已经原则上正确地提出了这一问题,诚然是在日常观察的基础上提出的。当代唯物主义由于预先进行了专门研究并对研究结果作了预测,证明精神的东西不能存在于有机物的一定形式之外。自然科学不仅证明了哲学基本问题的唯物主义答案,而且还成功地研究了
First, the basic philosophy of philosophy and the topic of philosophy If people are not yet resolved, the problem to be studied as a problem, then, strictly speaking, the relationship between consciousness and existence, spiritual things and material things, namely spiritual Things are the property of matter, the product of material development, or the contrary, the material things are derived from the spiritual things out of course, long ago it is not a problem. The ancient materialists have rightly put forward this question in principle, which is, of course, put forward on the basis of daily observation. Contemporary materialism, as a result of a priori specialized study and a prediction of the results of the study, proves that spiritual things can not exist in a certain form of organic matter. Natural science not only proved the materialist answer to the basic philosophical problems, but also successfully studied