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蔡元培在清末由翰林院编修走向反清革命阵营,其后又成为五四新文化运动时期的一个重要推动者,对其思想轨迹,学界一向比较关注。一些论者还追溯到他在成为翰林之前参加科举考试时的一些应试之作,以为其文不守绳墨,甚至颇有惊世骇俗之辞。本文通过考察蔡元培接受科举教育、参加科举考试的整个过程,并对其自述材料及留存墨卷进行细致分析,认为蔡元培之所以在科举道路上取得成功,恰恰是因为他的制艺之作符合当时科举考试的要求,即便在表述上有些新异之处,也是与当时学界的好尚相吻合的,并无挑战主流意识形态的用意。
In the late Qing Dynasty, Cai Yuanpei was compiled by the Imperial Academy to the revolutionary camp of Anti-Qing Revolution and later became an important promoter of the May Fourth New Culture Movement. It had always paid more attention to its thought trajectory and academic circles. Some commentators also trace back to some of the exams they took when they took part in the imperial examinations before becoming Hanlin, thinking that they were unscrupulous and even shocking. This paper examines the whole process of Cai Yuanpei’s acceptance of imperial examinations and its participation in the examination examinations and detailed analysis of his self-explanatory materials and the remaining ink volumes. He believes that Cai Yuanpei’s success on the imperial examinations precisely because his works of art conform to those of the time The requirements of the imperial examinations, even though some of the differences and distinctions in the formulation, coincided with the good academic circles of that time, did not challenge the mainstream ideology.