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用缺锌饲料制成小鼠缺锌模型,观察其外观、体重、脏体比、巨噬细胞(Mφ)与小肠粘膜上皮细胞形态等变化。给缺锌饲料2周后可见缺锌鼠(n=24)食量减少,与对照组(n=11)体重呈显著性差异,至第4周差异更大。缺锌鼠死亡率29.17％,对照组为0。缺锌鼠肝、肾、肾上腺、胸腺重量显著下降,胸腺脏体比显著下降,其他脏体比无显著差异。扫描电镜观察,缺锌组Mφ表层结构趋向简单,丝状片状伪足短而少,激活细胞比下降至56.4％(对照组81.9％,P<0.01)。透射电镜可见Mφ与小肠粘膜上皮细胞内线粒体、溶酶体数量减少,粗面内质网肿胀扩张,外周核糖体脱落并脱颗粒,高尔基体萎缩。荧光显微镜下缺锌鼠Mφ体积缩小,微丝及微管数量、粗细、荧光反应强度、定向排列均改变。Mφ吞噬指数降低至2.53±0.22,表面积缩小。说明机体内锌水平的变化,可直接影响Mφ活化,使小肠粘膜上皮、Mφ的膜结构损伤,微丝、微管改变。
The zinc deficiency model of mice was made with zinc-deficient feed. The appearance, body weight, ratio of body to body, macrophages (Mφ) and morphology of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were observed. After 2 weeks of feeding zinc-deficient feed, the food intake of zinc-deficient rats (n=24) was reduced, showing a significant difference from the control group (n=11), and the difference was greater at the 4th week. The mortality rate of zinc deficiency rats was 29.17%, and that of the control group was 0. The weight of liver, kidney, adrenal gland and thymus of rats with zinc deficiency was significantly decreased, and the ratio of thymus and body was significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in other organs. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface structure of Mφ in the zinc deficiency group was simple, and the number of filamentous lamellipodia was short and small, and the activated cell ratio decreased to 56.4% (81.9% in the control group, P<0.01). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Mφ and the number of mitochondria and lysosomes in the mucosal epithelial cells of the small intestine decreased, the rough endoplasmic reticulum swollen and dilated, the peripheral ribosomes fell off and degranulated, and the Golgi body shrank. Under the fluorescence microscope, the volume of Mφ in zinc-deficient mice was reduced, and the number and thickness of microfilaments and microtubules, the intensity of fluorescence reaction, and the orientation and arrangement were all changed. The phagocytic index of Mφ was reduced to 2.53±0.22 and the surface area was reduced. The changes in zinc levels in the body can directly affect the activation of Mφ, causing damage to the membrane structure of the small intestine mucosal epithelium and Mφ, and changes in microfilaments and microtubules.