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目的为掌握化州市高水碘分布情况,划定水源性高碘村范围,开展高水碘对居民碘营养水平的安全性评估,制订有效的预防控制措施提供依据。方法首先采用横断面筛查方法,根据鉴江干流和支流的走向、地理位置等情况,将化州市全部镇(街)分重点调查镇和一般调查镇,筛查各镇自然村居民饮水碘含量;筛查发现碘含量>100μg/L的水样,则在水样采集的自然村按10%比例进行扩大抽样以确定水源性高碘地区;在水源性高碘村开展居民尿碘、盐碘和6~12岁儿童甲状腺肿大率的流行病学调查,并随机抽查部分村居民饮用桶装水情况;水碘检测采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法(ICP-MS),尿碘检测按《尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法》,甲状腺肿大用触诊法检查,盐碘含量检测采用《制盐工业通用试验方法碘的测定》。结果全市水碘中位数为20.0μg/L,共发现水碘含量>:100.1μg/L的水样共115份,全是地下井水,一个自然村范围内地下水碘含量高、中、低3种浓度交叉并存;有7个自然村可判定为水源性高碘地区,3个村水碘中位数在100.1μg/L~150μg/L之间;上述村居民尿碘中位数在133.0μg/L~381.2μg/L之间,各村的井水碘含量中位数和居民尿碘中位数水平无相关性;各村的6~12岁儿童甲状腺肿大率均较低,碘盐覆盖率在80.6%~100.0%范围,抽查村居民家庭饮用桶装水比例均较高。结论化州市水源性高碘村在鉴江流域地区呈小范围、散点状分布,尚未发现地方性高碘甲状腺肿病区;通过居民尿碘频数分布、碘盐覆盖率和饮用桶装水情况综合分析,建议采取以地表水为水源的改水降碘防控措施。
Objective To understand the distribution of high water iodine in Huazhou, delineate the scope of high iodine water sources, carry out safety assessment of iodine nutrition of residents with high water iodine and provide evidences for effective prevention and control measures. Methods Cross-sectional screening method was adopted. According to the trend of the mainstream and tributaries of Jianjiang River and geographical location, all the towns (streets) in Huazhou County were surveyed and surveyed by the general survey towns, and the iodine content ; Screening found that the iodine content> 100μg / L of the water samples, then collected in the natural sampling of water samples by 10% of the enlarged sampling to determine the high water-iodine areas; in high water iodine village residents urinary iodine, salt iodine and Epidemiological survey of goiter prevalence in children aged 6 ~ 12 years and random sampling of bottled water in some village residents; Water iodine detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Urine iodine detection by urine Iodine arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry “, goiter examination with palpation, salt iodine content detection using” salt industry common test method for determination of iodine. " Results The median water iodine concentration in the city was 20.0 μg / L. A total of 115 water samples with water iodine content> 100.1 μg / L were found, all of which were underground well water. The iodine content of groundwater in a natural village was high, middle and low The median concentration of iodine in three villages was between 100.1μg / L and 150μg / L. The median urinary iodine of the village residents was 133.0μg / L ~ 381.2μg / L. There was no correlation between the median well water iodine level and the median urinary iodine level of residents in each village. The goiter rates of 6 ~ 12-year-old children in each village were lower, The rate ranged from 80.6% to 100.0%. The proportion of bottled water sampled by residents in villages was higher. Conclusion The high-iodine water-source villages in Huazhou City are distributed in a small area and scattered in the Jianjiang River Basin. There is no endemic high iodine-derived goiter area. Through the distribution of urinary iodine frequency, coverage of iodized salt and drinking bottled water Comprehensive analysis of the situation, it is recommended to take surface water as a source of water to reduce iodine prevention and control measures.