海洋,是人类生存和可持续发展的战略基地。当全球各沿海国家迫于人口膨胀、资源短缺、环境恶化的压力,用新的视角关注、开发和利用海洋时,频频出现的海上溢油事故及其对海洋生态环境带来的严重危害,已引起国际社会和联合组织的普遍关注。尤其是近几年,随着航运业和海洋开发的空前发展,一方面,海上货运量逐年大幅度增长,世界船舶总吨位和尺度也在不断增加,船舶已成为国际 The sea is a strategic base for the survival and sustainable development of mankind. When coastal countries in the world are forced by the pressure of population expansion, shortage of resources and environmental degradation, and from a new perspective to exploit and utilize the oceans, the frequent oil spill accidents at sea and their serious harm to the marine ecological environment have been solved. Aroused the widespread concern of the international community and the coalition. Especially in recent years, with the unprecedented development of the shipping industry and the development of the oceans, on the one hand, the volume of maritime freight traffic has increased substantially year by year, the world’s total tonnage and scale of ships have been continuously increasing, and the ships have become international