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人口和土地是国家生存和发展的两大基本因素。建国初期,在人口发展上忽视有效控制,致使人口急剧膨胀,迅速突破10亿大关,造成社会生产、生活全面紧张;在土地问题上,过高估计我国地大物博,公然推行公有土地无偿使用政策,致使城乡土地资源遭到严重浪费和毁坏,人均耕地面积降至1.5亩,仅为世界人均耕地面积的1/3强。如果说在控制人口盲目增长方面,计划生育已成为我国家喻户晓的基本国策,并取得了举世瞩目的成就;土地无偿使用政策刚刚引起社会和决策部门的重视,城市国有土地有偿使用制度公布了,但还处于试行阶段。农村集体所有制土地的使用尚处于研讨之中,这种情况如不采取果断措施,实行与有计划商品经济相适应的政策,后果将难以挽回。
Population and land are two basic factors for the survival and development of a country. In the early days of the founding of New China, neglecting effective control of population development caused the population to rapidly expand and rapidly exceeded 1 billion mark, resulting in total strain in social production and life. On the issue of land, China overestimated the greatness of our country and openly implemented the policy of gratuitous use of public land. As a result, the land resources in urban and rural areas have been seriously wasted and destroyed. The per capita cultivated area has dropped to 1.5 mu, only 1/3 of the world’s average per capita cultivated land. If controlling blind population growth, family planning has become a well-known basic state policy in our country and has achieved remarkable achievements all over the world. The policy of using land for free use has just attracted the attention of the society and decision-making departments. The system of paid use of state-owned land in cities has been announced. However, Still in trial stage. The use of land under collective ownership in rural areas is still being studied. If such a situation is not followed by decisive measures and a policy compatible with the planned commodity economy will be irremediable.