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唐宋时期居住于中国沿海城镇中的以穆斯林为主的外国侨民聚居区称为“蕃坊” ,政府设“蕃坊司” ,任命坊长“自治其徒”。元代大批域外穆斯林进入中国 ,政府设“回回哈的司” ,由哈的大师管理回回人的刑名、户婚、钱粮、词讼等事务。但元代史书关于“回回哈的司”的记载很少。 1 983- 1 984年在元亦集乃路治所黑城遗址发现了一批元代文书 ,其中三份文书涉及“回回哈的司” ,可以证明该机构在元代几经行废 ,但在元后期各地已经恢复 ,哈的大师的职权照旧 ;哈的司多设于礼拜寺中 ,说明“回回哈的司”是唐宋“蕃坊”向明清“教坊”转化的过渡形式。
In the Tang and Song dynasties, the predominantly Muslim-based enclave in China’s coastal towns and cities was called “Fanfang”. The government set up the “Fanfang Division” and appointed Fangfang to “autonomously act as its own”. A large number of extra-territorial Muslims entered the country in the Yuan Dynasty. The government set up the “Secretary for Returning to Kazakhstan,” and the Master of Kazakhstan repatriated their criminal names, household marriage, money and grain and litigation. However, the records of the Yuan Dynasty history books about “Secretary to Return to Kazakhstan” are few. 1 983-1984 A number of Yuan Dynasty instruments were discovered in Yuan Yiji, the site of the city of Hecheng in Luzhi, three of which involved the “return of the Secretary of Ha”, which could prove that the agency was abandoned several times in the Yuan Dynasty, The late Yuan Dynasty has been restored, the masters of Ha’s power remains the same; Ha Division set up in the temple of worship, that “back to Kazakhstan Division” is the Tang and Song “Fan Square” to the Ming and Qing “Square” into a transitional form.