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目的:阐明胚胎发育基因PAX2在肾间质纤维化大鼠中的再表达与肾小管上皮细胞-间充质转化细胞表型(epithelial-mesenchymal transition，EMT)特异性标志物E-cadherin和α-SMA的关系，探讨PAX2在肾间质纤维化中可能的作用机制。方法:80只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成假手术组(sham组)和模型组(UUO组)，每组各40只。于术后3、5、7、14d(每组10只)处死取肾组织。光镜观察肾脏病理形态学改变，免疫组化双染检测PAX2和E-cadherin/α-SMA的关系、实时荧光定量PCR检测肾组织PAX2、E-cadherin和α-SMA mRNA的表达。结果:①HE和Masson染色观察到UUO组出现明显的纤维化表现；②免疫组化双染结果发现sham组大鼠PAX2蛋白在肾小管上皮细胞无表达，E-cadherin蛋白大量表达于肾小管上皮细胞，α-SMA蛋白仅表达于小动脉的肌层，PAX2和E-cadherin /α-SMA之间无共表达；UUO组随着梗阻时间的延长PAX2和α-SMA表达更加明显，E-cadherin表达逐渐减少，PAX2和α-SMA蛋白共表达区域增加；③PCR结果显示sham组肾皮质中PAX2 mRNA少量表达，E-cadherin mRNA大量表达，α-SMA mRNA有微量表达；与sham组相比，3d UUO组PAX2 mRNA出现表达，E-cadherin mRNA表达减少，α-SMA mRNA表达增加，随着梗阻时间的延长，PAX2 mRNA和α-SMA mRNA表达量逐渐增加，E-cadherin mRNA表达量明显减少，以上三个指标UUO组与sham组及UUO组各时间点mRNA相对表达量比较均有统计学差异(n P值均<0.05)。④相关分析表明：PAX2 mRNA水平与α-SMA mRNA水平呈正相关(n r＝0.993, n P<0.05)，与E-cadherin mRNA水平呈负相关(n r＝-0.983，n P<0.05)。n 结论:胚胎发育基因PAX2在肾间质纤维化大鼠肾小管上皮细胞再表达与EMT细胞表型特异性标志物E-cadherin/α-SMA蛋白和mRNA表达存在一定的联系，PAX2再表达参与了肾间质纤维化EMT过程。“,”Objective:To elucidate the relationship between the reexpression of the embryonic developmental gene PAX2 in renal interstitial fibrosis rats and renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition cell phenotype (EMT) specific markers E-cadherin and α-SMA, and to explore the role of PAX2 of action in renal interstitial fibrosis.Methods:A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham group (n=40) and UUO model group (n=40). Renal tissues were sacrificed at 3, 5, 7 and 14 d (10 rats in each group) after operation. The pathological and morphological changes of the kidney were observed under light microscope. The relationship between PAX2 and E-cadherin / α-SMA was detected by immunohistochemical double staining. The expression of PAX2, E-cadherin and α-SMA mRNA in renal tissue was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results:①HE and Masson staining showed obvious fibrosis in the UUO group; ② Double staining results showed that PAX2 protein was not expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells, E-cadherin protein was abundantly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells, and α-SMA protein was expressed only in the muscular layer of small arteries. PAX2 There was no co-expression between E-cadherin and α-SMA; in the UUO group, the expression of PAX2 and α-SMA became more pronounced with the increase of the obstruction time, the expression of E-cadherin gradually decreased, and the area of co-expression of PAX2 and α-SMA protein increased; ③PCR results: PAX2 mRNA was slightly expressed in the renal cortex of the sham group, E-cadherin mRNA was heavily expressed, and α-SMA mRNA was slightly expressed; compared with the sham group, PAX2 mRNA was expressed in the 3d UUO group, while the E-cadherin mRNA expression was reduced, and α -SMA mRNA expression increased. With the extension of obstruction time, PAX2 mRNA and α-SMA mRNA expression gradually increased, and E-cadherin mRNA expression decreased significantly. There were statistically significant differences in the relative expression of mRNA at each time point between the UUO group, the sham group and the UUO group (all n P values <0.05). ④Correlation analysis showed that PAX2 mRNA level was positively correlated with α-SMA mRNA level ( n r=0.993, n P<0.05), and negatively correlated with E-cadherin mRNA level (n r=-0.983, n P<0.05).n Conclusion:The expression of embryonic development gene PAX2 in renal tubular epithelial cells of renal interstitial fibrosis rats has a certain relationship with the expression of E-cadherin / α-SMA protein and mRNA in phenotype-specific markers of EMT cells.The PAX2 re-expression is involved in the EMT process of renal interstitial fibrosis.