角膜碱烧伤作为一种常见的致盲性眼病，其损伤机制一直为人们所关注。近年来，随着免疫学理论的发展和实验手段的进步，学者们渐渐认识到免疫系统在角膜碱烧伤时所起的作用。免疫细胞（包括多形核白细胞、郎格罕氏细胞、淋巴细胞等）和免疫分子（包括细胞因子、黏附分子和主要组织相容性抗原）相互联系、相互制约，它们通过细胞免疫、体液免疫和免疫网络来介导角膜碱烧伤的病理变化。 Corneal alkali burn as a common blinding eye disease, the damage mechanism has been of concern. In recent years, with the development of immunological theory and experimental methods, scholars gradually come to realize the role of the immune system in corneal alkali burn. Immune cells (including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Langerhans cells, lymphocytes, etc.) and immune molecules (including cytokines, adhesion molecules and major histocompatibility antigens) are interrelated and mutually restrictive. They are immunized by cellular and humoral And immune network to mediate the pathological changes of corneal alkali burn.