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《方言》是我国最早的一部方言词汇比较专书,其中所收的许多词语在今晋南方言中仍在不同程度地使用着,但读音、词义、用法已经发生了变化。本文从《方言》中摘录了14条词,逐个分析了它们发展变化的原因和途径,并以晋南方言为例讨论了一些前贤时修的观点,澄清了其中的一些语言事实。通过《方言》中所收的当时晋地的词语数量以及这些词语在当今汉语中的使用情况,说明晋南方言对汉民族共同语的形成和发展的影响。
“Dialect” is one of the earliest dialects in our country, and many of the collected words are still used to some extent in this dialect of Jinnan. However, pronunciation, meaning and usage have changed. This article excerpts from the “dialect” 14 words, one by one analysis of the causes and ways of their development and change, and to Jinnan dialect as an example to discuss the views of some of the predecessors, to clarify some of the language facts. The influence of the Jinnan dialect on the formation and development of the common language of Han nationality is illustrated by the number of the words of the Jin Dynasty and the usage of these words in today’s Chinese language.