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边疆是近现代中国连接世界的纽带,无论是晚清王朝,还是国民政府,都力图将国家力量扩展至边陲地区,以因应转型期边疆少数民族的分离倾向。中共建立的民族区域自治制度则初步达成将边疆少数民族整合到中国国族之中的目标,进而形塑了现代中国族群政治的基本格局。但目前中国所处的地缘政治生态正发生根本改变,这一制度的未来走向关乎中国政治与中国社会的前景。本文通过勾勒民族区域自治制度的演变进程,呈现它与苏联民族政策、传统中国边疆治理经验之间的复杂关联,并对上述现象进行深入剖析。
Borderland is a link between modern China and the rest of the world. Both the late Qing Dynasty and the national government tried hard to extend state power to the border areas in response to the tendency of the ethnic minorities in the transitional period. The system of regional ethnic autonomy established by the CCP initially reached the goal of integrating the frontier ethnic minorities into the Chinese nation and further shaped the basic pattern of ethnic politics in modern China. However, at present, the geopolitical ecology in which China is located has undergone fundamental changes. The future direction of this system is about the prospects of Chinese politics and Chinese society. This article presents the complex relationship between the policy of national policy of the Soviet Union and the experience of traditional Chinese frontier governance by sketching the evolution of the system of regional ethnic autonomy and analyzing the above phenomena in depth.