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土壤中的微生物主要有细菌、放线菌、真菌三大类群,微生物在石油污染的土壤中发挥着维持生态平衡和生物降解的功能。文中以四川省遂宁市射洪县某废弃油井周围不同程度石油污染土壤为供试土壤,首先对各组供试土壤的基本理化性质进行测定分析;然后采用平板菌落计数法测定了供试土壤中三大类微生物数量的变化,结果表明:相比未被污染的对照土壤,石油污染的土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均减少,并且土壤中可培养微生物的数量与土壤含水量呈正相关;再采用454焦磷酸测序技术对土壤中的细菌群落多样性及变化进行16S rRNA基因分析。在所有供试的4个土壤样品中,共鉴定出不少于23 982个有效读取序列和6 123种微生物,相比于未被污染的对照土壤,石油污染土壤中细菌的种类更加丰富,主要优势门类为酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门和变形菌门。但不同土壤样品中优势菌群的群落结构有所差异,石油污染的土壤中,酸杆菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门的数量最多,未被石油污染的土壤中,放线菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门的数量最多。
Soil microorganisms are mainly bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi three groups, microorganisms in the oil-contaminated soil to maintain the role of ecological balance and biological degradation. In this paper, petroleum contaminated soil around an abandoned oil well in Suhong County, Suining City, Sichuan Province was used as test soil. The physical and chemical properties of test soil in each group were firstly measured and analyzed. Then the plate colony count The results showed that the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in oil-contaminated soil decreased compared with the control soil without pollution, and the number of culturable microorganisms in soil was positively correlated with the soil water content The 45S pyrosequencing technique was used to analyze the 16S rRNA gene diversity of bacterial community in soil. Of all the 4 soil samples tested, no less than 23,982 valid reads and 6,123 microorganisms were identified, and the abundance of bacteria in oil-contaminated soils was greater than in uncontaminated soils, The main advantages of the class for acid bacteria door, actinomycosis door, Bacteroidetes, green curved fungi door, botrytis and proteobacteria. However, the community structures of dominant bacteria in different soil samples were different. Among the soils contaminated by oil, the numbers of Acidobacteria, Actinomycetes and Proteobacteria were the highest, while in the soil not contaminated by petroleum, Bacteroides and Proteobacteria are the most abundant.