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学生知识的获得,主要是通过教师在课堂上的系统讲授和自己的观察。但是如果要求他们深入地理解和巩固所学到的教材,并且能够独立地运用所学到的知识来解释各种遇到的现象,单凭教师的课堂讲授是不够的。这还需要通过不断的复习和创造性的应用等等独立活动来补足。在学生的各种独立活动中,独立阅读教科书和课外读物具有重要的意义。申比廖夫等著的教育学里指出:“学校应当使学生习惯于系统地学习教科书中的材料,由此来达到使他们更切实地、巩固地掌握科学基本知识的目的。同时,学校还应当使学生习惯于利用课外阅读科学通俗书籍和文艺书籍的方法,经常补充他们的知识和扩展自己的眼界。教师的任务是教会学生正确地利用书籍,使他们花最少的力量而
The acquisition of students ’knowledge is mainly through teachers’ systematic teaching in the classroom and their own observation. However, if they are required to deeply understand and consolidate the materials they have learned and can independently use the knowledge they have learned to explain the various phenomena encountered, it is not enough to teach in the classroom alone. It also needs to be complemented by independent activities such as constant review and creative use. Independent reading of textbooks and extracurricular readings is of great importance in students’ various independent activities. In pedagogy, which Shenpeiliv waited for, “The school should make its students accustomed to systematically learning the materials in the textbooks so that they can more effectively and firmly grasp the basic scientific knowledge.” At the same time, the school Students should be accustomed to constantly supplementing their knowledge and expanding their horizons by using extra-curricular methods of reading popular books of science and literature.The task of teachers is to teach students to make the right use of books so that they spend the least amount of time and