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一、南水北调研究概况中国南水北调,是把长江流域一部分多余的水,通过调水工程送到黄河及其以北地区,向水源短缺的华北和西北地区补充水源的一个超大型工程系统。这个设想是在50年代初研究黄河、长江、淮河与海河几大流域的治理开发规划中开始形成的。经过几十年的多部门多学科的调查研究,设想的总体轮廓已比较清晰:南水北调西线、中线和东线三项调水工程分别从长江的上游、中游和下游向北调水,年平均调水量700亿m~3左右,与北方的黄河、淮河及海河的水资源开发相结合,可增加工业及城镇供水300多亿m~3,增加农田灌溉面积10万km~2多,同时还有提高除涝能力、发展航运和保护生态环境等其他综合利用效益。为在21世纪中叶把我国建成中等发达国
I. Overview of South-to-North Water Diversion Project China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a large-scale engineering system that supplies surplus water from the Yangtze River basin to the Yellow River and its north through water diversion projects and supplies water to northern and northwestern regions where there is a shortage of water resources. This idea was started in the early 1950s to study the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the Huaihe River and several major river basins in the management of the development plan began to form. After several decades of multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary investigation and study, the overall outline of the project has been clearer: the three water diversion projects in the western, central and eastern lines of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project will divert water from the upper reaches, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River respectively, The water volume of 70 billion m 3 will be combined with the water resources development in the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River in the north to increase the water supply of industrial and urban areas by more than 30 billion m 3 and to increase the irrigated area of farmland to 100,000 km 2, There are other comprehensive utilization benefits such as improving waterlogging capability, developing shipping and protecting ecological environment. To build our country into a medium-developed country by the middle of the 21st century