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2005年4月6日,美国参议院通过一项人民币汇率修正案,要求中国政府在6个月内提高人民币汇率水平,否则将对所有来自中国的进口产品征收27.5%的从价关税。该修正案认为,对中国产品征收“汇率关税”的合法性来源于GATT第21条“安全例外”。然而,依据GATT第21条(b)款的审查标准,这种“汇率关税”并不具备合法性。对此,中国可以通过向WTO提出“违约之诉”获得救济。同时,鉴于GATT第21条在实践中易受非法律因素的影响,“非违约之诉”亦是一项可行的救济方式。
On April 6, 2005, the U.S. Senate passed a RMB exchange rate amendment that requires the Chinese government to raise the exchange rate of Renminbi within six months or impose a 27.5% ad valorem tariff on all imported products from China. The amendment considers that the legality of imposing a “tariff on customs duties” on Chinese products comes from Article 21 of the GATT “Security Exceptions.” However, according to the review of Article 21 (b) of the GATT, such “exchange rate tariffs” are not valid. In this regard, China can be remedied by filing a petition for breach of contract with the WTO. In the meantime, given that Article 21 of the GATT is susceptible to non-legal factors in practice, a “non-default complaint” is also a viable remedy.