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早在空间运输系统计划初期就已制定了航天飞机设计、研制和试验需用的自然环境标准,并编制成文件。设计标准文件规定了空间运输系统从发射前到发射、上升、在轨道上、下降、轨道器着陆、转移飞行和固体火箭助推器落水等各个阶段的环境。约有3/4的文件专门用于包括地面风、高空风和紊流在内的各种风。其它标准适用于上升和下降阶段的闪电和热动力值,在轨道上的辐射、燃气性质、流星体和热环境,以及固体火箭助推器落水时的海洋状态。在目前空间运输系统处于成熟阶段时,依然需要根据经验统计以及供性能评定、系统改进和任务分析用的设计标准所采用的大气模型来取得重要的自然环境保证。
As early as the beginning of the space transport system plan, the natural environment standards required for the design, development and testing of a space shuttle have been formulated and documented. The design standards document the various stages of the space transportation system from launch to launch, ascent, on orbit, descent, orbiter landing, transfer flights and solid rocket booms. About three-quarters of the documents are devoted to all types of winds, including surface winds, high winds and turbulence. Other standards apply to lightning and thermodynamic values in ascent and descent phases, radiation in orbit, gas properties, meteoroid and thermal environments, and the state of the ocean at the time a solid rocket booster sinks. At a time when the space transportation system is in its infancy, there remains a need for important natural environmental assurances based on empirical statistics and atmospheric models used in design criteria for performance assessment, system improvement and mission analysis.