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目的分析四川省乐山市五通桥区不同时期麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹提供策略。方法对1972-2014年的麻疹发病情况及含麻疹成分类疫苗(Measles Containing Vaccine,MCV)接种等有关资料进行统计分析。结果1972-2014年五通桥区麻疹报告平均发病率39.62/10万,发病呈明显的下降趋势;麻疹发病呈明显的冬春季流行高峰;各镇乡均有发病,主要集中在交通相对落后,卫生条件差的西坝镇、石麟镇;随着扩大免疫规划的实施,发病年龄呈现“双向移位”;学龄前儿童发病多;男女发病比为1.15∶1;对409例出疹性疾病做麻疹M抗体(Immunoglobulin M,IgM)检测,阳性率3.18%。结论五通桥区麻疹发病呈明显的下降趋势,疫情已得到有效控制,目前发病呈高度散发状态。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in different periods in Wutongqiao District of Leshan City, Sichuan Province, and to provide strategies for the elimination of measles. Methods The incidence of measles in 1972-2014 and measles containing vaccine (Measles Containing Vaccine, MCV) vaccination and other related data were statistically analyzed. Results The average incidence rate of measles in Wutongqiao District from 1972 to 2014 was 39.62 / 100 000, with a significant downward trend. The incidence of measles showed a significant epidemic peak in winter and spring. The incidence of measles in each township was lower than that in the past, Poor in Xiba, Shilin; with the implementation of the expansion of immunization programs, the age of onset showed “two-way shift”; the incidence of pre-school children and more; male to female incidence ratio was 1.15: 1; 409 cases of rash disease Do the measles M antibody (Immunoglobulin M, IgM) test, the positive rate of 3.18%. Conclusion The incidence of measles in Wutongqiao district shows a significant downward trend, and the epidemic situation has been effectively controlled. At present, the incidence is highly distributed.