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近年来,在上海高考语文中一直注重考察词语的语境义,比如2012年现代文阅读第三题:第三段中“倾听”一词在文中的意思是什么;2013年高考现代文选取了《舒卷的粉墙》,考察了“展开”一词的语境义;2014年高考《受众的新闻素养:能力和意愿》一文中,第一题就考察了“困境”一词的语境义。这些词语的理解和分析都是依赖于语境。语境是使用语言的环境,它包括对话语境、上下文语境、时空语境、前提语境等等。语境义便是在这样主客观共同制约下产生的意义。下来从几个方面来分析语境中的“微言大义”。
In recent years, the language of Shanghai college entrance examination has been focusing on examining the contextual meaning of words, such as the third reading of modern Chinese in 2012: the meaning of the word “listening” in the third paragraph is what is meant in the text; In the article entitled “The audience’s news literacy: abilities and wishes” in the 2014 college entrance examination, the first question examines the meaning of the word “展开” Word context meaning. The understanding and analysis of these terms are all contextual. Context is the use of language environment, which includes the dialogue context, context, context, premise context and so on. The sense of context is the meaning that is produced under the common subjective and objective constraints. From a few aspects down in the context of the “micro-righteousness.”