肺炎双球菌是引起社会获得性肺炎的常见致病菌,但常规的实验室检查,检出率很低。对其毒素、有关酶类进行免疫学检查。在诊断上有较高的敏感性和特异性,但因依赖于抗体的出现,出结果较晚。现在普遍重视检测其荚膜多糖抗原(PCA),因基于抗原,早期即可有结果。从胸水、血清、尿中检测抗原,对诊断具有特异性,但敏感性差。从痰标本中检出率较高,但因本菌 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, but routine laboratory tests, the detection rate is very low. Its toxins, the relevant enzymes for immunological tests. In the diagnosis of higher sensitivity and specificity, but depends on the emergence of antibodies, the results came later. Now generally pay attention to the detection of capsular polysaccharide antigen (PCA), because of the antigen, early can have the result. Antigen detection from pleural fluid, serum, urine, with specificity, but poor sensitivity. The sputum specimens from the higher detection rate, but due to the bacteria