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§1.古典概率的定义在日常生活中,可能性(或然性)的概念对我們來說是熟悉的,我們每个人經常估計(近似地)各种不同事件的可能性,这些估計在我們的行动上有着决定性的影响,数学給可能性的概念引進了准确的意义。为了說明必然事件,对不可能事件和随机件的概念,应該举一些例子。 擲骰子(圖1)时,我們得到的点数总在前六个自然数的范圍之內,这是必然事件,出現七点是不可能事件。出现大於4的点是随机事件:它可能出现或不出現。順利情况的数目与可能性均等的所有情况的数目之比值称为随机事件的数学概率。
§ 1. Definition of Classical Probability In everyday life, the concept of possibility (or likelihood) is familiar to us, and each of us often estimates (approximately) the possibility of various events. These estimates are The action has a decisive influence, and mathematics introduces the concept of possibility to the precise meaning. To illustrate the inevitable events, some examples should be given of the concept of impossible events and random parts. When we roll dice (Figure 1), the points we get are always within the range of the first six natural numbers. This is an inevitable event, and the seven-point event is impossible. A point with more than 4 occurrences is a random event: it may or may not occur. The ratio of the number of smooth situations to the number of equal possibilities is called the mathematical probability of random events.