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对 1998年发生在嫩江、松花江流域的特大洪涝灾害及成因进行了全面的分析。分析了汛期水位变化的特点 ,划分了主要降水阶段和暴雨过程 ,讨论了水位变化和降水之间的关系。结果指出 ,1998年夏季嫩江、松花江水位具有最高水位异常偏高、水位涨幅大和超过警戒水位日期早且时间长的特点 ;造成洪涝的直接原因是夏季降水量异常偏多 ,暴雨、大雨在嫩江流域反复出现 ;水位主要受流域内的降水影响 ,影响的时间和程度与降水位置与流域的距离有关。
A comprehensive analysis of the catastrophic floods and their causes occurred in Nenjiang and Songhua Rivers in 1998 was conducted. The characteristics of water level change in flood season are analyzed, the main precipitation stage and rainstorm process are divided, and the relationship between water level change and precipitation is discussed. The results show that in the summer of 1998, the Nenjiang River and Songhua River have abnormally high maximum water level, large water level rise and over the warning water level. The direct causes of the flood are the abnormally high summer rainfall, heavy rain and heavy rain in the Nenjiang River The watersheds repeatedly appear. The water level is mainly affected by precipitation in the watershed. The time and extent of the impacts are related to the precipitation location and the distance to the watershed.