自创作《时间中的孩子》以来,英国著名小说家伊恩·麦克尤恩的多部小说都含蓄或有意地关涉生态批评的重要观念。综观他的创作轨迹和相关信息,可以推测他即将出版的新作同样将纳入对生态问题的思考。《时间中的孩子》不啻是一则生态女性主义的寓言,对女性特质着墨甚多,突出其美德和救赎的力量,甚至提供了没有选择的选择:是欢呼“女性时代”的到来,还是走向灭亡?在随后的几部小说中,环境问题成了另一个着眼点。在麦克尤恩看来,环境危机的源头在于偶然的历史情境和普遍的心理趋向之间的相互作用,这种心理趋向被称作“人性”。在以气候变化为题材的新作中,麦克尤恩面临两个难点,一是需要渲染个人利益与地球和子孙后代的需求之间的张力,二是选择何种表述方式,因为全球环境危机也是一个表述危机。不过他也许发现了解决之道,即绕过形式上的障碍,以环境危机为背景,聚焦人性,回归对于人性的关注。 Since the creation of “The Child in Time,” many of the novels of the famous English novelist Ian McEwan have implicitly or intentionally referred to the important concepts of ecocriticism. Looking at his creative trajectory and related information, one can speculate that his forthcoming new work will also include consideration of ecological issues. The “Child in Time” is an allegory of ecofeminism, inquiring into the traits of women, highlighting the virtue of virtue and the power of redemption, and even offers choices of no choice: Cheers “The Era of Femininity” Or to perish? In the subsequent few novels, environmental issues have become another focus. In McEwan’s opinion, the source of the environmental crisis lies in the interaction between occasional historical situations and general psychological trends. This psychological tendency is called “human nature.” Among the new works on climate change, McEwan faces two difficulties: one is the tension between the need to render personal interests and the needs of the planet and future generations, and the second is the choice of presentation because the global environmental crisis is also a Express the crisis. However, he may find a solution to this problem by bypassing formal obstacles, focusing on human nature and returning to human nature in the context of environmental crisis.