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作为民族的灵魂与神经, 道义的承担者, 文化的传承者, 士, 肩负着阐释世界、指导人生、推动社会进步的使命。可是, 封建社会却没有先天地为他们提供应有的地位和实际政治权力。若要获取一定的权势来推行自己的主张, 就必须解褐入仕, 并取得君王的信任和倚重; 而这种获得, 必须以丧失思想独立性、消除心灵自由度为其惨重的代价。即是说, 他们参与社会国家管理的过程, 实际上就是驯服于封建统治权力的过程, 最后, 必然形成普泛的依附性, 而完全失去自我, “民族的灵魂与神经”更无从谈起。这是一个 “二律背反”式的难于破解的悖论。
As the soul and nerve of the nation, the bearer of morality, the successor and the cultural heritage of culture, it shoulders the mission of interpreting the world, guiding life, and promoting social progress. However, the feudal society did not provide them with due status and actual political power. If we are to gain some authority to promote our own ideas, we must solve the problems of becoming a monarch and acquire the trust and reliance of the monarchs. Such acquisition must be made at the price of loss of ideological independence and the elimination of spiritual freedom. In other words, their participation in the management of social and state affairs is, in fact, a process of tame the feudal ruling power. In the end, it will inevitably form a universal dependency and completely lose itself. There is no solution to the “soul and nerve of the nation.” Start. This is a difficult paradox of “antinomy”.