Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor, comprising less than 0.2% of all primary esophageal neoplasms. There are fewer than 270 reported cases in worldwide literature, most of which are scattered cases reported. This tumor has usually been reported as a pedunculated, polypoid lesion in the middle and lower third of the esophagus. Hematogenic and lymphogenic metastases are commonly reported for PMME cases. Al- though surgical resection has been considered as the best possible option, the prognosis has been nonetheless poor, even combined with adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively, according to the literatures. Here we reported such a case on its clinical presentations and treatment. There are fewer than 0.2% of all reported primary cases of worldwide esophageal neoplasms. often been reported as a pedunculated, polypoid lesion in the middle and lower third of the esophagus. Hematogenic and lymphogenic metastases are commonly reported for PMME cases. Al- though surgical resection has been considered as the best possible option, the prognosis has been nonetheless poor , even combined with adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively, according to the literatures. Here we reported such a case on its clinical presentations and treatment.