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科学家,尤其是自然科学家,很少是公共参与的积极分子。然而社交媒体的迅猛发展正在改变这一现状。在许多争议事件中,如PM2.5空气污染和转基因食品安全等,科学家在社交媒体中的言论越来越多被大众所关注。作为接受了系统科学教育和具备理性思辨能力的群体,科学家在网络空间参与有关话题的讨论时,其公共参与模式有什么特点?讨论的公共协商程度如何?这是本文主要探讨的两个问题。研究以新浪微博平台为例,通过目标抽样,选取上百位加V认证的科学家及其微博进行内容分析。研究发现,科学家在微博平台上网络公共参与的行为特征为:广泛参与,但程度不深、形式单一;社会议题占比多,常超越专业领域发声;不同学科科学家,网络公共参与议题偏好有明显区分。同时,影响科学家网络公共协商程度高低的因素有:科学家的学科专业、职称以及微博的发布方式、内容呈现形式以及议题与科学家专业的相关度等。本研究不仅扩展了我们对新媒体环境下社会精英群体的公共参与行为的认知,也对促进科学家网络公共参与的良性发展具有实践启发性。
Scientists, especially natural scientists, are rarely activists for public participation. However, the rapid development of social media is changing the status quo. In many controversial events, such as PM2.5 air pollution and GM food safety, more and more scientists are voicing their opinions in social media. As a group who have received systematic science education and have the capacity of rational speculation, what are the characteristics of public participation model when they participate in the discussion of relevant topics in cyberspace? What is the degree of public consultation discussed? This is the two issues discussed in this article. Taking Sina Weibo platform as an example, we selected hundreds of V-certified scientists and their Weibo for content analysis through target sampling. The study found that the behavioral characteristics of the public participating in the network on the microblogging platform are as follows: extensive participation, but the degree is not deep and the form is single; the social issues occupy a large proportion and often exceed the professional fields; the preferences of different disciplines of scientists and public participation in the network are Obvious distinction. At the same time, the factors influencing the degree of network public consultation among scientists include the disciplines and titles of scientists as well as the way of publishing microblogs, the content presentation forms, the relevance of topics and scientist professions. This study not only expands our understanding of public participation in social elites under the new media environment, but also inspires us to promote the sound development of scientists' public participation in the Internet.