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由丝核菌引起的甜瓜果腐病是辽宁省近年发生的新病害,在棚室甜瓜生产中发生渐趋严重。根据病原菌形态、致病性、菌丝融合群和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析,确定其病原菌为茄丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),AG-4 HGI 融合群。病原菌生物学特性测定结果表明,菌丝生长最适温度 28 ℃;最适 pH 6.0 ～ 8.0;供试 10 种培养基中,在甜瓜煎汁培养基中菌丝生长最快;供试 9 种碳源和 10 种氮源中,最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为蛋白胨;光照对菌丝生长影响较小。菌核形成最适条件为温度 25 ℃,pH 7.0,理查培养基,黑暗条件;以山梨醇为碳源的 PA 培养基和以 KNO3为氮源的查氏培养基有利于菌核形成。对于病菌菌核萌发胡萝卜煎汁培养基最为适宜;供试 9 种碳源和 10 种氮源中,最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨;菌核萌发最适温度 28 ℃,最适 pH 5.0 ～ 8.0,黑暗条件利于菌核萌发;菌丝致死温度 50 ℃、10 min;菌核致死温度 53 ℃、10 min。
Meloidosis caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a new disease in recent years in Liaoning Province. It occurs gradually in the production of greenhouse melon. According to the pathogen morphology, pathogenicity, mycelium fusion and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis, the pathogen was identified as Rhizoctonia solani and AG-4 HGI fusion. The biological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria showed that the optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 28 ℃ and the optimum pH was 6.0-8.0. Among the 10 media tested, mycelial growth was the fastest in melon frying medium and 9 carbons Among the 10 nitrogen sources, the most suitable carbon source was soluble starch and the most suitable nitrogen source was peptone. Light had little effect on mycelial growth. The most suitable conditions for the formation of sclerotia were temperature 25 ℃, pH 7.0, Richard medium, dark conditions; PA medium with sorbitol as carbon source and Charcoal with KNO3 as nitrogen source were conducive to the formation of sclerotia. The most appropriate carbon source was maltose and the best nitrogen source was peptone. The optimum temperature of sclerotia was 28 ℃, and the most suitable temperature was 28 ℃ Suitable pH 5.0 ~ 8.0, dark conditions conducive to the germination of nuclear; hyphal lethal temperature 50 ℃, 10 min; lethal temperature 53 ℃, 10 min.