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【目的】了解高校大学生性与生殖健康知识知晓情况，探索在高校大学生中开展生殖健康教育的有效模式。【方法】采用自行设计的调查表，随机抽取某高校506名年龄为16～22岁的一至四年级学生进行问卷调查，统计分析青春期相关行为、性传播疾病、避孕、婚前性行为及妊娠等生殖健康相关知识知晓情况。【结果】发放调查问卷506份，收回有效问卷482份，平均年龄19．2±2．3岁，能正确认识“遗精”、“自慰”、“性幻想”的分别占56．4％、43．1％、64．1％；关于艾滋病的传播途径，能正确回答的仅占65．2％；关于预防性病的手段，回答正确的仅占56．9％；能完整、正确回答安全套的使用相关问题的仅占11％，来自城市和农村的学生比例分别为12．0％和10．2％，差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）；对于婚前性行为态度，45．9％的学生认为不能接受，54．1％的学生认为“无所谓”或“很正常”，在城乡学生对比上，城乡学生持后者态度的比例分别为60．1％和49．6％，差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）；问及“怀孕后会向谁寻求帮助”，47．5％的学生选择了“医生”，37．6％的学生选择了“朋友”，仅14．9％的学生选择“母亲”。在城乡学生对比上，50％的来自城市的学生选择向朋友求助，而59．2％的来自农村的学生选择了向医生求助，差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】大学生性与生殖健康知识知晓率低，性观念较开放，在高校开展性与生殖健康教育迫在眉睫，兼顾城乡学生特点的同伴教育和新媒体教育模式值得推广。“,”[Objective] To understand the awareness of sexual and reproductive health knowledge among college students , and to explore an effective reproductive health education mode among college students .[Methods] A self-designed questionnaire survey was used .Questionnaire survey was performed in 506 students(aged 16~22 years old) selected from lower grade to higher grade randomly .The awareness of adolescent-related behavior ,sexually transmitted diseases ,contraception ,premarital sexual behavior ,pregnancy and other reproductive health related knowledge was statistically analyzed .[Results] Totally 506 questionnaires were delivered ,and 482 questionnaires were returned .The average age was 19 .2 ± 2 .3 years old .The students who were able to correctly understand “seminal emission”,“masturbation” and “sex fantasy” accounted for 56 .4% ,43 .1%and 64 .1% ,respectively .The students who were able to correctly answer the transmitting way of AIDS ,the methods of pre-venting the sexually transmitted diseases and the related questions about the use of condoms accounted for only 65 .2% ,56 .9%and 11% ,respectively .The students from urban and rural area accounted for 12 .0% and 10 .2% respectively ,but there was no significant difference( P>0 .05) .Regarding premarital sexual behavior ,45 .9% of students considered“unacceptable”,and 54 .1% of students considered“indifferent”or“very normal”.In the comparison between urban and rural students ,the propor-tion of those was 60 .1% and 49 .6% respectively ,and there was significant difference (P< 0 .05) .When asked about “who would be looked for after pregnancy ,47 .5% of students chose ”physician“,and 37 .6% of students chose ”friend“,and only 14 .9% of students chose ”mother“.In the comparison of the urban and rural students ,50% of students from urban areas chose”friend“ for help ,while 59 .2% of students from rural areas chose to ”physician" for help ,and there was significant difference( P <0 .05) .[Conclusion]College students have the low awareness of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and open sexual attitude .Sexual and reproductive health education in colleges is urgent .Companion education and new media edu-cation mode which the characteristics of urban and rural students are considered is worthy of promotion .