孔子曰:“不愤不启,不悱不发(《论语·述而篇第七》)。”意思是说在学习时,学生的心求通而尚未通的状态,谓之“愤”;口欲言而未能言的状态,谓之“悱”。孔子强调的是:不到学生心求通而尚未通之时,不启发他;不到学生欲言而未能言之时,不开导他。即是说:教学是要让学生达到“愤”“悱”这种临界状态,然后启发、开导, Confucius said: “does not indignant, does not mean not to send (” Analects of Confucius described the seventh “). ” Means to say that in learning, the student’s heart but not through the state of mind, that “ Indignant ”; mouth state but can not say the state, that“ ”悱 “. Confucius emphasizes: not to the student’s heart but not through the moment, does not inspire him; less than the students do not speak out of words, do not enlighten him. That is to say: Teaching is to allow students to achieve ”anger “ ”悱 " this critical state, and then inspired, enlighten,