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(一) 司马迁在《史记·楚世家》中明确地指出,周成王以子男之田使熊绎“居丹阳”;又说楚文王“始都郢”。在这位古代史学家眼里,“居丹阳”与“始都郢”之间也是界说分明的。王国维说:“国都者,文明社会之标征也。”①英国考古学家柴尔德提出“城市革命”著名论断,美国人类学家克拉克洪曾提出文明社会的三个标志,(1)有高墙围绕的城市,城市居民不少于5000人;(2)文字;(3)复杂的礼仪中心。无论任何文化,只要具备了其中的两项,就是一个古代文明②。楚文王始都郢之郢(我姑且称之为“文郢”),作为楚国进入文明社会的一个标志,探寻它的方位所在,具有十分重要的意义。目前对“文郢’的探索主要有两种意见。一认为江陵北的纪南城即“文郢”。不少学者把它们捏在一起,甚至说得很肯定,“从公元前689年楚文王‘始
(1) Sima Qian clearly pointed out in Shi Ji Chu Family that Zhou Cheng-kuan used the field of children and boys to make Xiong Yi stay in Danyang; In the eyes of this ancient historian, there is also a clear distinction between “Habitat Danyang” and “Shidu Duan”. Wang Guowei said: “The capitalists are also the hallmarks of a civilized society.” ① The British archaeologist Childe put forward the famous “city revolution” assertion that the U.S. anthropologist Clark Clark proposed three signs of a civilized society: (1) Cities surrounded by high walls, urban residents of not less than 5,000 people; (2) text; (3) complex etiquette center. No matter what culture, as long as there are two of them, is an ancient civilization ②. As the symbol of Chu’s entry into civilized society, exploring its orientation is of great significance. At present, there are mainly two opinions on the exploration of “Wen-hua”: one is that Ji-nan city in the north of Jiangling is called “Man-hua.” Many scholars pinch them together and even say it with certainty. "From 689 BC, ’beginning