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德国古典美学是德国古典哲学的重要组成部分,也是马克思主义的直接思想来源之一。在西方美学史上,德国古典美学第一次把辩证法和历史观全面引进美学研究领域,以抽象的哲学思辨的形式,辩证地提出和解决了许多重大的美学问题。而且,它在18世纪机械唯物主义和马克思主义美学之间起着桥梁作用。本文从分析康德、黑格尔等人的美学思想入手,指出双方在“审美与自由解放”这个焦点问题上的不同态度,集中体现了马克思主义对德国古典美学的批判与超越。
German classical aesthetics is an important part of German classical philosophy and one of the direct sources of Marxism. In the history of western aesthetics, for the first time, German classical aesthetics introduced dialectics and history to the field of aesthetics for the first time, and dialectically proposed and solved many major aesthetic problems in the form of abstract philosophical speculations. Moreover, it serves as a bridge between mechanical materialism and Marxist aesthetics in the 18th century. Starting from the analysis of the aesthetic thoughts of Kant and Hegel, this article points out the different attitudes of the two parties on the focal point of “aesthetic liberation” and embodies Marxist critique and surpassing of German classical aesthetics.