[目的]了解太原市煤矿、建筑工人艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为状况,探讨三者之间的相关性。[方法]采用整群随机抽样方法,对太原市部分建筑工人和煤矿工人进行问卷调查,同时运用卡方检验、Logistic回归分析和相关分析对数据进行统计分析。[结果]共调查694人,其中建筑工人339(48.8%)人,煤矿工人355(51.2%)人。调查发现,艾滋病基本知识总知晓率为46.3%,两人群之间的比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.23,P﹥0.05)。在所有被调查者中,仅有32.0%的人表示愿意与艾滋病人或其家属继续交往。在发生过性行为的调查对象中,仅有31.4%的人在最近一次性行为中使用了安全套。相关性分析结果显示,对艾滋病感染者或家属的态度与知识总分之间的相关系数(rs=0.231,P﹤0.01),是否有过不健康性行为与知识总分之间的相关系数(rs=0.113,P﹤0.05)。[结论]太原市煤矿工人与建筑工人艾滋病防治知识水平有待进一步提高。由于知识、态度、行为三者间的相关性比较弱,所以在普及防治知识的同时,还需要加大对积极态度与健康行为的宣传教育。 [Objective] To understand the AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of coal mines and construction workers in Taiyuan and to explore the correlation among the three. [Methods] The cluster random sampling method was used to survey some construction workers and coal miners in Taiyuan City. At the same time, the data were analyzed by chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis and correlation analysis. [Results] A total of 694 people were surveyed, including 339 (48.8%) construction workers and 355 (51.2%) coal miners. The survey found that the total awareness rate of AIDS basic knowledge was 46.3%, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 2.23, P> 0.05). Only 32.0% of all respondents indicated their willingness to continue their contacts with AIDS patients or their families. Only 31.4% of those surveyed who had sex had used condoms in their most recent sexual activity. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient (rs = 0.231, P <0.01) between the attitudes and knowledge scores of HIV-infected persons or relatives, and the correlation coefficient between unhealthy behaviors and knowledge scores (rs = 0.113, P <0.05). [Conclusion] The knowledge level of AIDS prevention and control of coal miners and construction workers in Taiyuan needs to be further improved. Due to the weak correlation between knowledge, attitude and behavior, it is also necessary to increase publicity and education of positive attitudes and healthy behaviors while popularizing prevention and control knowledge.