对３种空冷贝氏体钢在不同热处理状态下的组织进行了观察和分析。微合金变质处理可细化奥氏体晶粒和显微组织；调整微合金含量和种类，可增加钢中碳化物数量、种类和弥散度，从而提高钢的硬度和冲击韧度。经多元微合金变质处理，组织更为细小均匀，变为超细组织。所研制的贝氏体钢具有制作产品工艺简单，价格低廉的特点，制作的板锤在现场使用证明，比原来使用的高锰钢板锤耐磨性提高两倍。 The microstructure of three air-cooled bainitic steels under different heat treatment conditions were observed and analyzed. Microalloyed metamorphic treatment can refine austenite grains and microstructure; adjust the micro-alloy content and type, can increase the amount of carbide in the steel, type and dispersion, thereby increasing the hardness and impact toughness of steel. Micro-alloy metamorphic treatment, the organization is more small and uniform, into ultra-fine tissue. The developed bainitic steels have the characteristics of simple process and low price of the manufactured products. The produced plate hammers prove on the spot that the abrasion resistance of the high manganese steel plate hammers used is doubled.